SPACE DYNAMIC METEOLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY

Meteology is the scientific physical process that taking place in the atmosphere.the physical process that taking place in the atmosphere includes change in temperature(thermodynamic),change in atmospheric water(hydrodynamic),air movement,variation in pressure anda other aspect.

In other word meteology concerned with the study of weather condition change in periodic in the troposhere are observed,analyesed and recorded.Weather is the average condition that taking place in the short period of time.weather keep with various elements which are temperature,humidity,sunshine,pressure,wind,precipitation,clouds cover.Aperson who study weather referred as meteologist.

IMPORTANCE OF METEOLOGY

i. It applies in forecasting the future trend of weather.

ii. it help in constructing synoptic chart

iii. it help in describingthe climatic condition prevailing ina particular place

iv. it help to understand the causes of atmospheric stability or instability

v. it help in taking precaustion inorder avoid damage

CLIMATOLOGY

is the study of the atmospheric weather condition for a long period of time,normally over hirty years.In short climatology is the study of climate.climate refers to the weather average weather condition of a place,studies over along period of time,normally over thirty years.the element of weather are the same of the element of climate but their varues represent the average of all the daily readings for each specific element over thirty years.

FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE CLIMATE OF A PARTICULAR PLACE

a. Latitudinal location.this is due to the amount of insolation receved at a particular place.for example the areas along the equator receive more insolation and tend to be warm while the area where there is in polar region recieve little amount of insolation hence they are cold good example antlantic continent.

b. Altitude.the areas where there is in highland ussually are cold and experience low pressure because of the thin colum of air above the earth surface,and when the surface is extemely elevated snow-caps are formed because of freezing such as mount kililmanjaro.these areas tend to have high rainfall,even though the mountain within the tropical areas which are warm in this can say that mountain create their own climate.

c. Distribution of land and sea.the areas near the ocean or sea experience maritime climate which is moderated by the temperature of the ocean water, thus when the water is warm also the coastal area tend to be warm and when the sea-water is cold also the coastal area tend to cold.

d. Large lakes and rivers.huge water bodies also may influence the climate of a particular place,such that areas near the lakes or big river experience moisture throughout,unlike the area which are far from this water bodies.for example the area like mbeya,mwanza and kagera recieve higher rainfall because they are near in the lake and large rivers like victoria and nyasa hence evapolation take place at higher quantinty and lead to formation of rainfall,unlike the areas like Dodoma and singida which are far from lake and large rivers thus in this area evaporation is poor because of small amount of water bodies.

e. soil.the nature of soil and the colour of soil also influence the climate of a particular place,for example the areas where there is dark soils keeping the area to be warmer because absorved radiant energy in large quantinty,than in the place where the soils consist shiny particles which reflect solar radiation back to the atmosphere keeping the area cold.

f. Vegetation.when the areas where there is dence forest there is high rainfall due to effective cloud formation caused by high rate of evapo-transpiration for example in Iringa, Njombe and Mbeya,unlike the area where there is scant or no forest the formation of rain is low because of the low humidity in the atmosphere like Dodoma and Shinyanga

g. Human factors.human can affect the climate positively or negatively.Positive through planting of trees(afforestation and reforestation), but negative through cutting of trees(defforestation) leading to occurence of aridity.so you can take your time to find the importance of climate to human life or refer to DT.msabila.

ARTMOSPHERE

Refers to the thin layer of gases held to the earth surface by the gravitation attraction.

INSOLATION AND TEMPERATURE

Insolation refers to the energy from the sun.or incomming solar radiation.solar radiation or radiation energy is the main source of source of heat affecting the atmosphere and the earth surface.It travels about 150 kilometers from the sun to the earrth surface within 81/2 minutes.The amount of insolation tend to be varies from place to place and time to time this is due to variosus factors affecting the amount of insolation of a particular place.

FACTORS INFLUENCING THE AMOUNT OF INSOLATION IN A PARTICULAR PLACE

⦁ Solar input;refers to the intensity of insolation emitted from the sun which is later received at the outer limit of the atmosphere.so the variation of solar input leads to variation of the insolation received on the earth surface. so that when the solar input decrease,the amount of insolation reaching the earth surface also decrease,and when solar input increase, the amount of insolation reaching the earth surface also increase.

⦁ Solar altitude;solar altitude influences the distance in which rays travel.It means that when the sun is at low altitude,the rays tavel longer distance especially during morn and evening. When the sun is at higher altitude the rays travel a shorter distance to the earth surface this happen in the noon thus the amount of insolation reaching the earth surface tend to be higher.

⦁ Distance from the sun;the distance from the earth to the sun vary over the year.During periheon the earth is closest to the sun at time distance of 147.5millions kilometersand therefore the solar radiation received on the surface tend to increase due to the shorter distance travel by the ray from the sun.but In apherion the earth is at futhest position from the sun of 152.5 millions therefore the amount of insolation reaching the earth surface decrease.

⦁ length of the day;this is causing by earth rotation and revolution,Earth rotation refers to spinning of the on its axis pasing through the north and south poles and revolution means the orbit of the earth around the sun.so the rotation and revolution influence variation of the length of the day and night at different period and place.example in the northern hemisphere summer have longer day than night while shorter day in winter, hence during summer more insolation received and tend to decrease in winter.

⦁ Latitudinal location;this influence the variation in the amount of insolation received at a particular place, such that in tropical latitude received more intensinty of insolation because ray travel over a shorter distance while in the polar latitude which rays travel over a long distance tend to have a small amount of insolation.If the sun is in the tropic of cancer 231/20N the amount of solar radiation is more at north and when sun is overhead the tropic of capricon 231/20s ,sourthern hemisphere recieved more sunshine.

⦁ Nature of the surface;surface varies interm of specific heat capacity and albedo.Specific heat capacities as the number of calorie required to raise the temperature of 1gramme of tha substance through 10C some surface have high specific capacities while other have low.Albedo refers as the ratio of the refrected radiation tothe total inercepted radiation.